In a large mixing bowl, combine all-purpose flour, instant yeast, sugar, and salt. Gradually add warm water while mixing until dough begins to form. Knead the dough on a floured surface for about 5-7 minutes until smooth and elastic. Place it in a greased bowl, cover with a damp cloth, and let it rise in a warm spot until doubled in size, which should take about 1-2 hours.

Once your dough has risen, preheat your oven to 375°F (190°C). On a lightly floured surface, roll out the dough into a rectangle, approximately 12x18 inches. Spread a thin layer of melted butter or olive oil over the surface and evenly sprinkle the cheese, roasted garlic, and fresh herbs, ensuring everything is well-distributed.

Starting from one long edge, tightly roll the dough into a log shape, pinching the seams to seal. Twist the log gently as you roll to create enticing swirls. Once rolled, position your log seam-side down and gently tuck the ends under.

Place the shaped loaf into a greased loaf pan or directly on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Cover it with a cloth and let it rest for another 30-60 minutes, or until it has puffed up nicely.

Before putting it in the oven, whisk together an egg with a splash of water or milk to create an egg wash. Brush the wash over the surface of your loaf, then sprinkle additional cheese or herbs on top if desired. Bake your Swirled Garlic Herb and Cheese Bread for 30-35 minutes until the crust is golden and sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.

Once baked, carefully remove the loaf from the oven and let it cool in the pan for about 10 minutes. Then, transfer it to a wire rack. Allow it to cool completely before slicing.